Theatre and Performance

Here are lists of terms and concepts in the field of theatre, performance and exile.

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  • Heteroglossia – a diversity of voices, styles of discourse, or points of view in a literary work and especially a novel. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/heteroglossia)
  • Holocaust literature – a class of literature defined by its subject – the destruction of European Jewry by Germany, chiefly in the years between 1942 and 1945 – and not by its form.* Holocaust literature embraces a range of genres, subject positions, and literary traditions. It mediates life and death, survival and memory, during and after the war, through indirection, fragmentary narratives, and other literary strategies.** (Sources: *Levin, G. (1982), HOLOCAUST LITERATURE AS A GENRE: A DESCRIPTION AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY. Journal of Social Philosophy, 13: p. 52, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9833.1982.tb00552.x and **Abstract of Horowitz, Sara R., ‘ Literature’, in Peter Hayes, and John K. Roth (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Holocaust Studies, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211869.003.0029)
  • Holocaust survivor – any persons, Jewish or non-Jewish, who were displaced, persecuted, or discriminated against due to the racial, religious, ethnic, social, and political policies of the Nazis and their collaborators between 1933 and 1945. In addition to former inmates of concentration camps, ghettos, and prisons, this definition includes, among others, people who were refugees or were in hiding. (Source:https://www.ushmm.org/remember/resources-holocaust-survivors-victims/individual-research/registry-faq#11-how-is-a-holocaust-survivor-defined) 
  • Holocaust survivor testimony – Holocaust survivors bear witness to their experience by telling the world what they saw and underwent. They testify to their experience in various ways, including in the form of oral history interviews, transcribed interviews, memoirs, diaries, and letters. (Source:https://www.holocaust.org.uk/testimony) 
  • Holocaust theatre – A theatre of memory with Auschwitz at the center. Holocaust theatre instead of showing a past, confirms the present in its topics, and asks uncomfortable questions. Holocaust theatre builds an experience of loss, battles authoritarianism and submissiveness, unmasks propaganda and half-truths. (Source: Mayorga, J., The Theatrical Representation of the Holocaust, https://htc.miami.edu/the-theatrical-representation-of-the-holocaust/) 
  • Holocaust: The killing of millions of Jews and others by the Nazis before and during the Second World War (Source: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/holocaust) 
  • Home – one’s place of residence, house; the social unit formed by a family living together; a familiar or usual setting; a place of origin. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/home) 
  • Homeland: The country where you were born. (Source:https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/homeland)  
  • Homelessness – having no home or permanent place of residence. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/homelessness) 
  • Hospitality – the act of being friendly and welcoming to guests and visitors. (Source:https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/hospitality) 
  • Hybrid – Noun: a person whose background is a blend of two diverse cultures or traditions; something heterogeneous in origin or composition. Adjective: having or produced by a combination of two or more distinct elements : marked by heterogeneity in origin, composition, or appearance. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hybrid) 
  • Hybrid identity – identity construction of people with more cultural reference systems, such as migrants. Typical elements of hybrid identity include: multiple cultural backgrounds, experience exchange between self and external assignment, the ongoing process of own identities negotiation, and the central feature is the belongingness, which may take various forms. (Source: Wagner, C. (2016). ‘Migration and the Creation of Hybrid Identity: Chances and Challenges’. Proceedings of Harvard Square Symposium, The Phenomenon of Migration, pp. 242-243, https://rais.education/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/16.pdf) 
  • Hybridity – Hybridity is a term commonly used in postcolonial theory that describes how new cultures are formed in the contact zone of colonization. The concept of hybridity is associated with theorist Homi K. Bhabha, who explores how the formation and reformation of new cultures, as a result of colonial relations, disrupts any notion of a “pure” culture. This hybridization process occurs in what Bhabha refers to as the “Third Space,” an interstitial site where new cultural identities are continually shaped. (Source: Raine, S. (2024). What is Hybridity in Postcolonial Theory?, https://www.perlego.com/knowledge/study-guides/what-is-hybridity-in-postcolonial-theory/_)
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  • Immigrant theatre – based on the principles of amalgamation and continuity, a type of theatre that adapts to the new social, economic, and cultural structures of its projected audiences. Immigrants tend to assume a new artistic identity, while remaining true to the artistic aspirations they brought from home. Their theatre is not binary; it presents cultural and cognitive synaesthesia and originates as a fusion of the artists’ inherited cultural traditions and those of a new world, so it repeatedly stages the tension between continuity and difference. (Source: Meerzon, Y. (2015). Theatre and Immigration: From the Multiculturalism Act to the Sites of Imagined Communities. Theatre Research in Canada Recherches théâtrales Au Canada, 36(2), https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/TRIC/article/view/24302) 
  • Immigrant theatre artist in Canada – a newcomer to Canada who holds a post-secondary diploma in theatre, has work experience in the trade, and aims to earn a living in Canada or Quebec by working in theatre in English and/or in French. (Source: Meerzon, Y. (2015). Theatre and Immigration: From the Multiculturalism Act to the Sites of Imagined Communities. Theatre Research in Canada Recherches théâtrales Au Canada, 36(2), https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/TRIC/article/view/24302)
  • Imposter – A person claiming the identity of another person, for instance by using the other person’s authentic identity documents or by altering their physical appearance. (Source:https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary/glossary/impostor_en)
  • Influx – the fact of a large number of people or things arriving at the same time. (Source:https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/influx)
  • Integration – The two-way process of mutual adaptation between migrants and the societies in which they live, whereby migrants are incorporated into the social, economic, cultural and political life of the receiving community. It entails a set of joint responsibilities for migrants and communities, and incorporates other related notions such as social inclusion and social cohesion.* Associated with the salad bowl theory of multiculturalism which asserts that it is not necessary for people to give up their cultural heritage in order to be considered members of the dominant society.** (Sources: *https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms and **https://www.populismstudies.org/Vocabulary/salad-bowl/)  
  • Intercultural dialogue – An open and respectful exchange of views between individuals and groups with different ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic backgrounds and heritage on the basis of mutual understanding and respect. (Source:https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary/glossary/intercultural-dialogue_en) 
  • Intercultural theatre/Cross-cultural theatre – a form of performance that combines elements from different cultural traditions, creating a dialogue between diverse theatrical practices and expressions. This approach fosters cross-cultural understanding and collaboration, allowing artists to share their unique narratives while also engaging with global themes. By blending traditional elements with contemporary adaptations, intercultural theatre often challenges the audience’s perceptions of cultural identity and artistic boundaries. (Source:https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/introduction-theatre-arts/intercultural-theatre) 
  • Interculturalism – Relating to or involving more than one culture. (Source:https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/intercultural)
  • Interpreter – In the migration context, a professional who is expected to convert oral communication from a source language (language/s of the country of origin of a migrant) to a target language (language of the host country) and vice versa to ensure appropriate communication between migrants and staff of public authorities in particular who do not speak the same language. (Source:https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary/glossary/interpreter_en)
  • Itinerant – traveling from place to place; staying in a place for only a short amount of time (for example, an itinerant preacher/lecturer/performer). (Source:https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/itinerant)
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  • Legislative theatre – a form of performance that combines elements of theater with the legislative process to engage citizens and policymakers in discussions about social issues. It encourages participation, dialogue, and action by presenting real-life problems and potential solutions through dramatization, often leading to the creation or amendment of laws based on the insights gathered during performances. (Source:https://library.fiveable.me/key-terms/theater-for-social-change/legislative-theatre) 
  • LGBTQIA+ – acronym for persons identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer/questioning, asexual or other.
  • Liminal – of, relating to, or being an intermediate state, phase, or condition; in-between, transitional. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/liminal) 
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  • Metropolitan – of, noting, or characteristic of a metropolis or its inhabitants, especially in culture, sophistication, or in accepting and combining a wide variety of people, ideas, etc.; of or relating to a large city, its surrounding suburbs, and other neighboring communities; pertaining to or constituting a mother country; pertaining to an ecclesiastical metropolis. (Source:https://www.dictionary.com/browse/metropolitan) 
  • Migrant subjectivity –  a conscious constitution of oneself and certain others as ‘migrants’ which is formed and maintained through processes of ‘migrantisation’. (Sources: Toukolehto, S. (2023). Moral Contours of Migrant Subjectivity: Indebtedness and ‘Giving Back’ Among Newcomers in Germany. Etnofoor, 35(1), 83–99, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27233678 and Kurki, T. (2019). Immigrant-ness as (Mis)Fortune? Immigrantisation Through Integration Policies and Practices in Education (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Helsinki, University of Helsinki, 63-64, https://helda.helsinki.fi/handle/10138/294719 and Dahinden, J. (2016). A Plea for the ‘De-Migranticization’ of Research on Migration and Integration. Ethnic and Racial Studies 39(13): 2207-2225.)
  • Migrantisation – various social mechanisms through which very different groups and individuals become subsumed under the general racialised category of ‘migrants’ that carries with it a rather rigid sense of non-belonging. (Sources: Toukolehto, S. (2023). Moral Contours of Migrant Subjectivity: Indebtedness and ‘Giving Back’ Among Newcomers in Germany. Etnofoor, 35(1), 83–99, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27233678 and Keskinen, S. (2022). Mobilising the Racialised ‘Others’: Postethnic Activism, Neoliberalisation and Racial Politics. London: Routledge, 1-3)
  • Migratory aesthetics – expresses key dynamics in contemporary postcolonial culture and offers an alternative to identity politics. (Source: Abstract of Bennett, J. (2011). “Migratory Aesthetics: Art and Politics beyond Identity”. In Art and Visibility in Migratory Culture. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, https://doi.org/10.1163/9789042032644_008)
  • Mother tongue – one’s native language; a language from which another language derives. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mother%20tongue) 
  • Motherland – a country regarded as a place of origin (as of an idea or a movement). (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/motherland) 
  • Movement – the act or process of moving; a series of organized activities working toward an objective; an organized effort to promote or attain an end. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/movement) 
  • Multiculturalism – A policy that endorses the principle of cultural diversity and supports the right of different cultural and ethnic groups to retain distinctive cultural identities ensuring their equitable access to society, encompassing constitutional principles and commonly shared values prevailing in the society. (Source:https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary/glossary/multiculturalism_en) 
  • Multilingualism – using or able to use several languages especially with equal fluency. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/multilingualism)
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  • Nation-state – a form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state, especially a state containing one as opposed to several nationalities. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nation-state)
  • Nationalism – a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nationalism)
  • Neo-nationalism – is a type of nationalism that rose in the mid-2010s in Europe and North America and to some degree in other regions. It is associated with several positions, such as right-wing populism, anti-globalization, nativism, protectionism, opposition to immigration, Islamophobia, Sinophobia, and Euroscepticism where applicable. (Source:https://www.populismstudies.org/Vocabulary/neo-nationalism/)
  • Nomad, (nomadism) – a member of a people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place usually seasonally and within a well-defined territory. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nomad)
  • Nostalgia – a wistful or excessively sentimental yearning for return to or of some past period or irrecoverable condition. (Source:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nostalgia)
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  • Xenophobia – At the international level, no universally accepted definition of xenophobia exists, though it can be described as “attitudes, prejudices and behaviour that reject, exclude and often vilify persons, based on the perception that they are outsiders or foreigners to the community, society or national identity”. (Source: Declaration on Racism, Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance against Migrants and Trafficked Persons (adopted by the Asia-Pacific NGO Meeting for the World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, Teheran, 18 February 2001), www.hurights.or.jp/wcar/E/tehran/migration.htm / https://www.iom.int/key-migration-terms) 
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